ABSTRACT
The study analysed the ergonomic impact of agricultural drudgery among rice farmers and marketers in Southeast Nigeria. The specific objectives were to ascertain the level of awareness of the ergonomic impact of drudgery on rice farmers and marketers, identify drudgery-causing activities, determine the types of drudgery experienced, and estimate the level of drudgery in rice farming and marketing. A multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 487 participants, comprising 221 rice farmers and 266 rice marketers. Data were collected through a survey using a well-structured questionnaire and analysed using bar graphs, the human physical drudgery index, body part discomfort, and postural analysis.Based on the drudgery index in rice farming, maintenance of equipment had a mean drudgery score of 0.48 and a residual capacity index of 0.52. Loading and unloading bags of rice had a mean drudgery score of 0.58 with a residual capacity index of 0.42. Transporting rice showed a mean drudgery score of 0.57 and a residual capacity index of 0.43. Setting up stalls or displays had a higher mean drudgery score of 0.62 with a residual capacity index of 0.38. Packaging and labelling shared the same mean drudgery score of 0.62 with a residual capacity index of 0.38. Interacting with customers had the highest mean drudgery score at 0.88 with a residual capacity index of 0.12. The mean marketing task performance index showed an average drudgery score of 0.63. Similarly, for rice marketers, maintenance of equipment had a mean drudgery score of 0.48 and a residual capacity index of 0.52. Loading and unloading bags of rice had a mean drudgery score of 0.58 with a residual capacity index of 0.42. Transporting rice showed a mean drudgery score of 0.57 and a residual capacity index of 0.43. Setting up stalls or displays had a higher mean drudgery score of 0.62 with a residual capacity index of 0.38. Packaging and labelling had a mean drudgery score of 0.62 with a residual capacity index of 0.38. Interacting with customers had the highest mean drudgery score at 0.88 with a residual capacity index of 0.12. The mean marketing task performance index showed an average drudgery score of 0.63.Maintenance of equipment had a difficulty score mean of 0.53. Loading and unloading bags of rice had a mean of 0.48. Transporting rice had a higher difficulty score mean of 0.75. Setting up stalls or displays had an even higher difficulty score mean of 0.80. Packaging and labelling had a mean difficulty score of 0.65. Interacting with customers had the lowest difficulty score mean of 0.41. The mean difficulty score was 0.60. The study recommended that the FederalGovernment agricultural departments and agencies should enhance ergonomic training for rice farmers and marketers.  

ABSTRACT
Immunotherapy increases or alters the body's natural defences to target and eliminate dangerous cells, which aids the immune system in fighting diseases, especially cancer. Immunotherapy has completely changed the way that breast cancer is treated by providing advancement as well as adding new features in context of body’s own defence mechanism against the illness. Recent developments in this area have greatly enhanced clinical results and increased patient treatment alternatives. Checkpoint inhibitors have been a mainstay of immunotherapy for breast cancer, including inhibitors like-“PD-1”, “PD-L1” and “CTLA-4” mainly. By blocking immunological checkpoints, these substances, the immune system get permitted to detect and encounter the malignant cells. Clinical trials have shown impressive effectiveness, especially in HER-2-positive and “triple negative breast cancer”. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has indicatively shown it’s capacity to treat breast cancer that has spread. Uses of nanotechnology in clinical practice, detection, diagnosis, treatment and prevention are now feasible. NeuVax and other cancer vaccines are also being studied for their capacity to elicit specific reactions. In context of cell therapy, the “CAR T-cell therapy” has acquired a promising position. Aside from these developments, research is still being done on combinations therapies, which involve immunotherapy in addition to other treatments including chemotherapy and targeted medicines. All things considered, the field of breast cancer treatment has changed due to recent developments in immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT
Behavior problems in children are on rise in recent years. The study was conducted with objectives to study the influence of maternal factors, pregnancy conditions and infancy characteristics on behavior problems during childhood. By a means to identify and provide corrective support during childhood. 489 girls and 636 boys aged 9 to 15 years from three primary and secondary schools located in Mysore city were screened for behavior status. Mothers of all children were contacted to obtain information about age at pregnancy, health problems experienced during prenatal period, type of delivery, postnatal problems encountered and feeding problems during infancy of the target population. Standardized questionnaires were used to elicit a relevant data. Findings: our study has highlighted the inclination in the age inappropriate behavior problems among young children. To a great extent 39 to 34% of Girls and boys were found to be inflicted with behavior problems. Higher percentages of children mother’s with behavior problems were either younger than 18 years or older than 30 years. Age at pregnancy was found to have significant association to behavior problems (χ2 =25.9, P<0.001). Nausea, vomiting, pica and morning sickness occurred in higher number of mothers of children with behavior problems, Chi square analysis revealed a strong statistical association with behavior problems. Cesarean section was performed in higher percentage of children with behavior problems (χ2 =21.9, P<0.001).  Health problems (χ2 =28.9), UTI and skin infections (χ2 =4.08; NS), complications like gestational diabetes and hypertension (χ2= 4.3) were seen in markedly higher proportion of mothers of children with behavior problems. Chi square analysis indicated statistical association (P<0.02). Nineteen and twenty two percent of boys and girls with behavior problems respectively had low birth weight, while 10 to12 percent were macrosomic babies. (Girls: χ 2= 1.76; P=0.41; Boys: χ2=10.95; P<0.04). Feeding problems was found to occur in the study population among both normal children and those with behavior problems. Twelve to thirteen percent of normal children and twenty three to twenty five percent children with behavior problemswere found to have feeding problems (girls: χ2=14.15; boys: χ2= 10.64). Higher percentage of children with behavior problems suffered from frequent fever and jaundice as compared to the normal counterparts. Conclusion: It could be possible that a combination of maternal factors, condition at partution and fetal factors together with environmental conditions influence the behavior systems of the child.  

ABSTRACT
The study examined the prospects of extension intervention in watermelon production in Delta State, Nigeria. Key issues examined include the farmers’ sources of information on watermelon production, the watermelon varieties currently cultivated, the farmer's reasons for involving in watermelon production, the extension needs of watermelon farmers, and the difference in the agricultural extension service needs of the farmers. Data collected from 163 respondents were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, and the Friedman test hypothesis. The result revealed that the farmers’ foremost source of information on watermelon farming was fellow farmers (100%). The major reason motivating farmers to engage in watermelon production was to increase their income (61.96%) while the majority (63.8%) cultivated the Kaolack variety. The leading extension needs of the respondents were pest/ disease control methods and, support in procurement of credit (mean=3.82). Friedman test (χ2=302.7; P<0.05) showed significant differences among the extension needs of the farmers, with assistance in credit procurement being the most significant. It was concluded that there is a high prospect for agricultural extension service in the State concerning watermelon production if the farmers are provided with agricultural extension services in line with their needs. It was recommended among others, that watermelon should be made a mandate crop of the State extension service.