ABSTRACT
Medicinal plants are known to contain substances which could be used for treatment purposes or used to produce drugs. This study profiled the bioactive components of Garcinia kola leaf against clinical isolates from gastrointestinal tract. Preliminary phytochemical screening was adopted in the determination of the phytochemical components of the extracts. Agar well diffusion technique was adopted in the determination of the antibacterial susceptibility pattern of the extracts against Salmonella enterica, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei and Escherichia coli were used in this study. Saponins .anthraquinones, phlobatannins, tannins, phenols, anthranoids and cardiac glycosides were detected in the leaf. Antibacterial activity screening revealed zones of inhibition ranging from 10mm to 22mm with leaf ethanol extract while the Minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 250mg/ml to 500mg/ml. The result showed the antibacterial activities of the various leaf of bitter kola as result of the abundant phyto-active compounds in the leaves. However, Hesperidin, Proanthocyanidin, Columbin, Cynaroside, Sanguinarine, Silymarin, (22E)-Stigmasta-4,22-dien-3-ol, Siphonaxanthin triacetate, Desmosterol acetate, Stigmasterol methyl ether, Stigmasterol, Desmosterol were reported to have higher binding interactions with the disease targets. The findings has shown that Hesperidin had the highest inhibition potentials against E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Shigella dysenteriae with higher inhibition on Shigella dysenteriae. Hence, Hesperidin could be regarded as potential drug candidate for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract infection especially those caused by Shigella dysenteriae. Hence, there should be enlightenment of the general public on the medicinal importance of bitter kola leaf in order to effectively harness the medicinal values. 

ABSTRACT
Rapid urbanization and increasing construction activities have contributed to growing concerns regarding ambient particulate pollution and its potential implications for public health in developing cities. This study assessed the spatial distribution of cement-dust-related pollutants and examined respiratory health indicators in Enugu Metropolis, southeastern Nigeria. Ambient air samples were collected from twenty-two residential estates between March and September 2023 using a MiniVol portable air sampler and a Bosean multi-gas detector. Concentrations of PM?.?, PM??, SO?, and cement-associated oxides, including silica (SiO?), iron oxide (Fe?O?), aluminum oxide (Al?O?), magnesium oxide (MgO), potassium oxide (K?O), and sodium oxide (Na?O), were determined. Geographic Information System (GIS) interpolation techniques were employed to characterize spatial distribution patterns, while tuberculosis (TB) records obtained from the Enugu State Ministry of Health were used as respiratory health indicators at the Local Government Area (LGA) level. Results showed mean PM?.? and PM?? concentrations of 26.59 µg m?³ and 34.41 µg m?³, respectively. PM?? concentrations generally complied with international and national standards, whereas PM?.? concentrations slightly exceeded World Health Organization guideline values at selected locations. GIS analyses revealed localized pollutant hotspots around Heliu Estate, Harmony Estate, Fidelity Estate, Goshen Estate, Jubilee Estate, and Sunrise Estate, suggesting the influence of construction activities, traffic emissions, and dust resuspension. Health records indicated a total of 390 reported tuberculosis cases within Enugu Urban during 2023, with the highest burden occurring in Enugu West Local Government Area. Because environmental and health datasets were available at different spatial scales, the study was designed as a preliminary ecological assessment rather than a causal epidemiological investigation. Consequently, direct exposure-response relationships could not be established. Nevertheless, the findings provide valuable baseline information on urban air quality and respiratory health indicators and highlight the need for integrated environmental-health monitoring systems, improved dust-control measures, and sustainable urban planning in rapidly developing cities.