ABSTRACT
Genus Aspergillus is known as the causative agent of large number of diseases in human beings, animals and plants. It is also known to cause different types of diseases in fishes as Aspergellomycosis, so pose different problems to the growing aquaculture all over the world. Only a little amount of work has been done in India on conidial fungi in relation to fish diseases. So the present piece of work was carried out to isolate, identify and to test the pathogenecity of some species of Aspergillus on some fresh water fishes of River Narmada. The isolation of the conidial fungi (Aspergillus) from infected fishes was done by inoculating various infected parts of fishes on two media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Corn Meal Agar (CMA) in aseptic conditions.  Pathogenecity of isolated species was done by injecting them to healthy fishes from which they were isolated. During the present study 33 isolates of Aspergillus were isolated from 76 naturally infected fishes. Fishes belonged to 13 species and were collected from river Narmada. In total five species of Aspergillus were isolated as A. fumigates, A. niger, A. sydowii, A. flavus and A. terreus. A. fumigates contributed maximum (29%) of isolates isolated from infected fishes while as minimum were of A. niger (9%). Mystus seenghala (17%) was most infected fish and least infected was Labeo calbasu (3%). After conducting the pathogenecity tests it was found that all five species of Aspergillus were pathogenic to fishes. A. fumigates, A. flavus and A. terreus showed 100% mortality; A. sydowii showed 75% mortality while as A. niger showed minimum 33% mortality of the fishes.  

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the effects of various parameters on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete produced using met kaolin and Costus lacerus (CL) bagasse ash. A mix model was developed as a function of curing age and temperature, sodium hydroxide concentration, activator ratio, and bagasse ash using data from experiments. The model was then used to predict the compressive strength of concrete and compared to the measured compressive strength. The model was found to be effective in predicting compressive strength with an R2 value of 0.9667 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.353, indicating that 96.67% of the measured compressive strength was estimated by the model with 0.0235% error. Therefore, the predicted compressive can be used to predict the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete for the given mix proportions and curing conditions, and the efficient prediction of the compressive strength would save cost and energy required in performing the compressive strength test experimentally.

ABSTRACT
In the Kadaknath poultry farming house, fuel/electric-based heating systems are generally used to maintain the required temperatures for high production rate of chicken breeding. A huge amount of fuel/Electricity consumptions for this farming, which leads to high operational cost and creates lots of air pollutant emission to atmosphere. In the recent energy scenario of energy crisis and conventional energy shifted to use renewable energy. In this studies the application of a solar heating system (SHS) for the Kadaknath poultry farming.  

ABSTRACT
Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin, plays a crucial role in maternal health, foetal development, and lactation. Deficiency in vitamin D is a global health concern, affecting pregnant women and neonates, with implications for bone health, immune regulation, and metabolic function. Emerging research links insufficient vitamin D levels to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth, as well as neonatal complications such as low birth weight, impaired skeletal development, and increased risk of chronic diseases. Supplementation has shown promise in reducing these risks. Additionally, vitamin D is essential during lactation, supporting maternal recovery and infant growth. This review synthesizes current knowledge on vitamin D’s biological roles, risks of deficiency, and clinical relevance in pregnancy, neonatal development, and lactation.

ABSTRACT
The pure microalgal species such as Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp., and Phormidium sp., were collected and isolated from marakkanam salt pan (water samples), tamilnadu. The culture was harvested in BG11, microalgae can be used to produce energy in different process; it is one of the best effective methods, to convert the algal oil derivatives in to biodiesel. These selected potential microalgal species were subjected to fatty acids extraction and transesterification to determine the fatty acid compounds by GC-MS and FT-IR analysis for the production of biodiesel. The Palmitic acids, Pentadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Eicosedenoic acid etc., were accumulated from the selected micro algal species. The FT-IR spectrum retrieved from the FAME of all the three microalgal strains strongly confirms the presence of hydroxyl group, alkenes group, alkanes group, alkynes group, esters and aromatic groups

ABSTRACT
The Right to Reproduction (RTR) is a fundamental human right that ensures individuals can make choices about family planning and reproductive health. Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the primary right of all couples and persons to decide liberally and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the rights to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health. They also include the right of all to make decisions regarding reproduction free. The struggle for women’s ‘reproductive rights’ has resulted in the right to contraception being conceded in many parts of the world, although women still lack easy access to affordable contraceptives which are free from side-effects. Yet even today, these services are denied to women in many other parts of the world. Despite its significance, RTR faces opposition rooted in morality, ethics, and religion, with some arguing that controlling birth contradicts natural human evolution. In India, ancient texts condemned abortion, equating it with immorality and violating principles like ahimsa. The right to abortion, recognized as fundamental, allows individuals to make choices about their bodies and health. Historically criminalized under the IPC, in 1860, abortion was legalized through the MTP Act, of 1971, addressing issues like maternal health and consent, while still grappling with societal and moral pressures surrounding women’s autonomy. India’s legal framework on abortion and contraception remains inadequate, failing to address women’s healthcare and reproductive rights. Despite laws against child marriage, high maternal deaths persist. The National Population Policy highlights contraceptive access, yet unsafe abortions contribute significantly to maternal mortality, undermining women’s autonomy and reproductive health. The right to abortion is essential for safeguarding women’s health, dignity, and autonomy. It enables informed decision-making regarding pregnancy and supports reproductive rights, including access to safe and legal abortion. The MTP Amendment Act, 2021, enhances these rights, promoting gender equality and addressing socioeconomic disparities. Legal abortion reduces unsafe procedures, fosters women’s control over their bodies, and improves public health outcomes. Thus, abortion laws play a vital role in advancing social justice and gender equality in society. Reproductive rights are recognized internationally as fundamental human rights, underscored by frameworks like the WHO constitution and CEDAW. In India, the right to abortion is increasingly acknowledged as part of a woman’s right to privacy and personal liberty, especially through landmark judgments such as Suchitra Srivastava v. Chandigarh Administration and K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India. Despite a robust legal framework, challenges remain, including maternal mortality, unsafe abortions, and inadequate access to reproductive healthcare. The Indian judiciary plays a crucial role in safeguarding these rights, with rulings affirming that reproductive autonomy is essential for women’s dignity and health. The Supreme Court has emphasized that decisions about pregnancy should reside with the woman, addressing societal and moral pressures that often hinder this autonomy. However, the unavailability of enforceable laws means that true reproductive rights remain elusive. Legislative reforms are essential to align with judicial interpretations, ensuring that women receive comprehensive healthcare, access to contraceptives, and protection against child marriage. For India to realize its commitment to reproductive rights, a rights-based legal framework must be established, empowering women to make informed choices about their bodies and future. The Right to Reproduction (RTR) is essential for empowering individuals in their reproductive health choices. While the MTP Act of 1971 marked significant progress by legalizing abortion, societal and moral pressures continue to impede women’s autonomy. The MTP Amendment Act of 2021 expanded access and acknowledged the rights of unmarried women, reflecting a positive shift. However, persistent stigma and complex ethical debates around autonomy versus foetal rights remain challenges. For true reproductive justice, India must dismantle societal barriers, ensure comprehensive healthcare, and recognize women's rights as fundamental, fostering an equitable society where every woman can exercise her autonomy and make informed choices.  

ABSTRACT
Plants are the life for the human beings on the earth. They play an important role in day to day life. As well as they are the producers of all ecosystems. Human uses of plants as medicine could be dated back to middle Paleolithic age, which is about 60000 years ago, according to fossil records (Fabricant and Frans worth 2001). A medicinal plant is a plant that has similar properties as conventional pharmaceutical drugs. Humans have used them throughout history to either cure or lessons symptoms from an illness. Knowledge on the medicinal plants, before the birth of writing, were transmitted orally. It is known that the first written text on the use of medicinal plants is about 4000 years old and appears in a clay small board in the Sumerian Culture, an antique groups of people who lived at the south of Euphrates and Tigris rivers. Health care in ancient time included the use of leaves flowers stems berries and roots of herbs for their therapeutic or medicinal value. These medicines initially took the form of crude drugs such as tinctures teas powders and other herbal formulation( Balick and Cox 1996,Samuelsson 2004).Knowledge of the specific plants to be used and the methods of application for particular aliments were passed down through oral history. Medicinal plants possess immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties leading to antibacterial activities .They are known to have versatile immunomodulatory activity by stimulating both non specific and specific immunity (Pandey and chowdhry, 2006) The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals both with known antimicrobial properties can be of significance in therapeutic treatments. In the last few years a number of studies have been used because of their antimicrobial traits which are due to compounds synthesized in the secondary metabolism of the plant ( Nascimento et al.,2000) More recently a drug β methoxypsoralen has been produced from the plant Ammimajus ( Bishops weeds) which was reported by Egyptian medical practitioners to treat vitiligo , a skin condition characterized by the loss of pigments. This drug is now used to treat psoriasis and other skin disorders, as well as T –cell lymphoma( Gurib -Fakim 2006).  

ABSTRACT
The pure microalgal species such as Anabaena sp., Nostoc sp., and Phormidium sp., were collected and isolated from marakkanam salt pan (water samples), tamilnadu. The culture was harvested in BG11, microalgae can be used to produce energy in different process; it is one of the best effective methods, to convert the algal oil derivatives in to biodiesel. These selected potential microalgal species were subjected to fatty acids extraction and transesterification to determine the fatty acid compounds by GC-MS and FT-IR analysis for the production of biodiesel. The Palmitic acids, Pentadecanoic acid, Oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Eicosedenoic acid etc., were accumulated from the selected micro algal species. The FT-IR spectrum retrieved from the FAME of all the three microalgal strains strongly confirms the presence of hydroxyl group, alkenes group, alkanes group, alkynes group, esters and aromatic groups

ABSTRACT
Pesticides are being utilized in different crops to satisfy the needs of an expanding population. In addition to agriculture, pesticides are used for a variety of other things including home gardening, control of disease-carrying insects, and other things. Though pesticides have positive effects on agriculture, they also have negative side effects and are getting worse day by day. Agrochemical runoff into streams and rivers can contaminate aquatic life, animals, and human beings through biomagnifications. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies show that pesticide residues can have long-term detrimental impacts on the health of people and animals as well as the stability of ecosystems, even if current formulations are relatively safe for non-target species. Any kind of human pesticide exposure can increase the likelihood of acquiring chronic conditions like diabetes, Parkinson's disease, cancer, asthma, reproductive problems, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Since everyone is exposed to pesticides in some way, an eco-friendly substitute must be developed. On the other side, bioactive nanoparticles have a limited lifespan, minimal environmental impact, and are biodegradable. Being in its initial stages, the use of bioactive nanomaterials to degrade synthetic pesticides is progressively gaining popularity and can be one of the promising degradation techniques in due course of time. The district of Bargarh in western Odisha is currently the unofficial cancer capital of the state. According to experts, the extensive use of pesticides in agriculture may be responsible for the high frequency of cancer. Bargarh has the highest rate of cancer cases out of the 30 districts of Odisha. 33 districts of three states (Odisha, West Bengal, and Chhattisgarh), Bargarh district of Odisha reported the most cancer cases between 2014 and 2017. Cancer prevalence in this district is up to 25.37% of the total population. This review focuses on exposure pathways of pesticides on people, the environment, and other creatures, as well as the pesticide degradation by different means.  

ABSTRACT
A study was conducted at the Fishery Harbor, Nizampatnam, Bapatla District, Andhra Pradesh, India, to evaluate bacterial populations and the physicochemical quality of water and soil, and their potential impacts on crab aquaculture and environmental health. Soil, water, and crab samples were collected for microbiological and physicochemical analyses. The study identified five bacterial species: Pseudomonas sp., Vibrio sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Escherichia coli, with Vibrio sp. emerging as the most prevalent, particularly in crab intestines, indicating its significant role in the gastrointestinal environment.The physicochemical assessment of soil and water provided insights into factors influencing bacterial distribution. Biochemical tests, including Gram staining, motility, and enzymatic activity assessments, offered a deeper understanding of the metabolic profiles and environmental adaptations of these bacterial species.These findings underscore the necessity for ongoing monitoring and the implementation of effective management strategies to control bacterial diseases. Such measures are crucial for enhancing the sustainability of crab aquaculture and ensuring the health of the Fishery Harbor ecosystem. The results emphasize the importance of targeted interventions to mitigate bacterial impacts on environmental health and aquaculture productivity, thereby supporting the long-term viability of the region’s crab farming industry.  

ABSTRACT
To examine the magnitude of water first-rate decline in the Ken River of Panna, this take a look at examined the seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters of water, diagnosed capacity pollution assets, and clustered the tracking months with similar traits. Water samples have been collected in four wonderful seasons to assess temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) awareness, five-day biochemical oxygen call for (BOD), chemical oxygen call for (COD), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride ion (Cl) awareness, general alkalinity (TA), turbidity, overall dissolved solids (TDS) attention, general suspended solids (TSS) concentration, and overall hardness (TH) the use of widespread strategies. The analytical results revealed that 40% of water first-class indices have been inside the permissible limits counseled by way of different businesses, excluding EC, Cl concentration, TA, turbidity, DO attention, BOD, and COD in all seasons. Statistical analyses indicated that 52% of the contrasts were substantially exceptional at a ninety-five% self-assurance c programming language. The issue evaluation provided the exceptional healthy among the parameters, with four elements explaining 94.29% of the whole variance. TDS, BOD, COD, EC, turbidity, DO, and Cl had been particularly chargeable for pollutants loading and have been due to the full-size amount of commercial discharge and toxicological compounds. The cluster analysis showed the seasonal exchange in floor water great, which is commonly a trademark of pollutants from rainfall or different assets. However, the values of various physicochemical houses numerous with seasons, and the highest values of pollution were recorded within the wintry weather.  

ABSTRACT
The present investigation is centered on the evaluation of antioxidant activity and detection of antioxidants in different plant parts of some selected members of zingiberaceae such as Alpinia nutans (L.), Amomum subulatum Roxb., Costus speciosus (Koenig) Sm., Hedychium spicatum Buch. Ham., Elettaria cardamomum Maton., and Curcuma longa (L.).  Antioxidant activity was determined by an Assay of POD (peroxidase) activity (EC-1.11.1.7). High phenolic content, higher ascorbic acid content, and high antioxidant activity (POD) in different plant parts of all the selected members were obtained fromAlpinia nutans rhizome, Alpinia nutans leaf, and Costus speciosusroot respectively. An attempt has also been made to extract xanthones to confirm the presence of more antioxidant compounds, due to the high antioxidant potential of Zingiberaceae members. Todetect xanthone, methanolic extracts of the plant parts were scanned in the wavelength ranging from 200-800 nm using a Simadzu UV-1800 Series Spectrophotometer, and the characteristic peaks were detected. However, the resulting peaks were observed in the 200-400 nm wavelength. Amomum, Hedychium, and Costus were noted to contain xanthone. This is the first report on the presence of xanthone and the spectrophotometric method for its detection in these plants.