ABSTRACT
Disturbance plays an important role in vegetation and soil characteristics of a forest. It causes loss of diversity, habitat, leading to changes in vegetation structure. The changes on vegetation may lead to changes in soil physical and chemical parameters and finally the ecosystem loss in productivity. Present study was carried out during the year 2011-2015 in Jeypore Reserve Forest of North East India for enumeration of vegetation structure and soil characteristics. Study sites were categorized into three broad categories along disturbance gradient as Pristine Stand (PS), Semi Degraded Stand (SDS) and Degraded Stand (DS). Soil samples were collected (16 replications) from each sampling sites of each category and undergone experiments for physico-chemical parameters. Soil Organic Carbon (OC), available N, Available K, and available P decreases with the increase of disturbance. No significant correlation was observed among physical and chemical parameters in Pristine stand, where as in Semi degraded stand bulk density shows significant positive correlation with moisture content and organic carbon shows significant positive correlation with available phosphorus at 0.05 level. Significant positive correlation was also observed among bulk density and moisture content at 0.05 level and with OC and available P in degraded stand at 0.01 level

ABSTRACT
Skin cancer most basic malignancy nowadays. Distinctive remedial methodology for the treatment of skin disease as of now being examined. Cannabinoids delta THC is a dynamic cannabinoid utilized as a part of the different tumor and furthermore in various malady like Parkinson's disorder, AIDS incite emesis. Cannabinoids have two subtypes of cannabinoids receptors CB1 & CB2 we examined the potential utility of these compound in skin tumor in mice by the B-16 cell line. Where both petroleum ether and ethanolic extract of cannabis sativa give better reaction by treatment of tumor-bearing mice. This went with by an impedance of tumor vascularization, as controlled by adjusted vein morphology and diminished articulation of proangiogenic factors (VEGF, placental development factor, and angiopoietin 2). Repeal of EGF-R work was additionally seen in cannabinoid-treated tumors. These outcomes bolster another remedial approach for the treatment of skin tumors

ABSTRACT
This paper covers an investigation on the various segmentation techniques employed for the statistical estimation of Leukocytes from microscopic blood samples. Detection and analysis of Leukocytes plays a very significant role in the early identification of Leukocyte cancer. Generally blood images are investigated by pathologists to identify whether the cell is cancerous or not. But this manual method has few drawbacks such as time consuming and accuracy depends up on the operator’s skills. This investigation is error prone.  So, the fast and effective imaging techniques were developed for diagnosis of patients where they extract information from the microscopic images. This paper mainly concentrates on the detection and segmentation of Leukocytes using various segmentation techniques.  

ABSTRACT
Punjab is ornamented with a rich and vast diversity of natural resources, water being the most precious of them. Rapid industrialization and population explosion lay stress upon natural resources and hence, caused their deterioration. Ground water quality is slowly but surely declining everywhere in Punjab mainly due to geological as well as anthropogenic factors. Analysis of ground water in various parts of Punjab showed that majority of chemical constituents such as Na+, Ca+2, Mg+2,K+, HCO3-,Cl-,SO4-2 and F- along with the heavy metals such as Al, As, Pb, U, Cu, Zn are above the permissible limits. The ground water of Malwa region of Punjab has been found to be highly polluted due to excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, thus turning the nomenclature of Punjab state from bread basket to cancer bowl. Water quality monitoring programmes must be initiated periodically for both ground water and water bodies in order to improve the water quality of the region.  

ABSTRACT
Many plant products as well as some synthetic drugs, often used for the treatment of different reproductive ailments may cause certain disturbance to the reproductive as well as to the other organs of an individual. In the present investigation effects of bark extract of the plant Saraca indica and Levonorgestrel, a synthetic progestogen, on gonado-somatic index (GSI) and utero-somatic index (USI) were evaluated, in adult female albino rats. While Saraca indica is used as tonic to reproductive system, Levonorgestrel is used as a synthetic contraceptive in birth control. Saraca indica at a dose of 500mg/kg body weight/day was orally administered for 12 consecutive days and Levonorgestrel was administered subcutaneously for 3 consecutive days at a dose of 1.5mg/kg body weight/day. Increased GSI and USI were observed in the plant extract treated female albino rats when compared to that of control group. Increase in GSI and USI after the administration of the plant product may be due to its estrogenic effect and can be taken as a positive indicator of increased fertility rate. Statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in GSI  and USI were observed in the synthetic Levonorgestrel (LNG) treated female rats which may be indicative of negative effect of the product on the reproductive physiology of the organism.  

ABSTRACT
Antioxidants are the substances that inhibit oxidation and have the ability to remove the potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism. Phytochemicals like flavonoids and phenols  present in plants are able to reduce or prevent the oxidative damage to the human cells. Enhydra fluctuans Lour. (Fam. Asteraceae) is a marshy herb used by many tribal communities of North East India as well as in traditional medicine for treatment of various ailments. In the present study, ethanolic and aqueous extract of this plant were tested for Phytochemical and antioxidant activities. Phytochemical screening of the extracts done by routine analytical procedures revealed the presence of saponin, terpenoids, phenol and proteins in both the extracts. However, alkaloids, and tannins which were found to be present in the ethanolic extract were found to be absent in the aqueous extract of E. fluctuans. Quantitative determination of total phenolics and in-vitro DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Free Radical Scavenging activity of both the extracts were carried out using spectrophotometric analysis. The total Phenolic content was found to be 60.67±0.083µg/ml GAE and 39.83±0.083 µg/ml GAE for ethanolic and aqueous extract, respectively.  They exhibited strong antioxidant DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 1.38μg/ml, 43.65µg/ml and 158.49µg/ml for ascorbic acid, aqueous extract and ethanolic extract respectively. The result of present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that E. fluctuans possesses potential antioxidant activity, and could be used as a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for pharmaceutical applications.  

ABSTRACT
Genus Aspergillus is known as the causative agent of large number of diseases in human beings, animals and plants. It is also known to cause different types of diseases in fishes as Aspergellomycosis, so pose different problems to the growing aquaculture all over the world. Only a little amount of work has been done in India on conidial fungi in relation to fish diseases. So the present piece of work was carried out to isolate, identify and to test the pathogenecity of some species of Aspergillus on some fresh water fishes of River Narmada. The isolation of the conidial fungi (Aspergillus) from infected fishes was done by inoculating various infected parts of fishes on two media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Corn Meal Agar (CMA) in aseptic conditions.  Pathogenecity of isolated species was done by injecting them to healthy fishes from which they were isolated. During the present study 33 isolates of Aspergillus were isolated from 76 naturally infected fishes. Fishes belonged to 13 species and were collected from river Narmada. In total five species of Aspergillus were isolated as A. fumigates, A. niger, A. sydowii, A. flavus and A. terreus. A. fumigates contributed maximum (29%) of isolates isolated from infected fishes while as minimum were of A. niger (9%). Mystus seenghala (17%) was most infected fish and least infected was Labeo calbasu (3%). After conducting the pathogenecity tests it was found that all five species of Aspergillus were pathogenic to fishes. A. fumigates, A. flavus and A. terreus showed 100% mortality; A. sydowii showed 75% mortality while as A. niger showed minimum 33% mortality of the fishes.  

ABSTRACT
A sensor is device to respond to some class of an input-physical property also known as stimulus and to convert it into an electrical signal which is compatible with electronic circuits. Today’s digital world needs sensors for efficiency, accuracy and safety. Some of sensor application domains, such as to detect the presence of people within the protected perimeters, process feedback control, performance evaluation, transportation traffic control, robotics, security systems, position derivatives like velocity and acceleration, kinematics, atmosphere exerts pressure on earth and mountain, flow dynamics, acoustics,  humidity and moisture, electromagnetism, thermal expansion, identification and quantification of chemical species, etc.. Nowadays sensors are playing a vital role to assure safety to public health through various smart medical devices. This paper mainly addresses the major application areas of sensors with a distinguished listing and also highlights the importance of sensors to recognize the strength pollutants in environment and water to improve public health safety.  

ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to assess the level of depression, anxiety and stress among primi postnatal mothers with LSCS by using DAS Scale and to find out association between selected socio demographic variables and level of Depression, anxiety and stress among primi postnatal mothers with LSCS. Research approach used in this study was descriptive in nature. Non experimental descriptive research design was used. 30 primi postnatal mothers with LSCS admitted in maternity ward of selected hospital in Belagavi, Karnataka were included. Purposive sampling technique was used. The result of the study showed that maximum (40%) of the primi postpartum mothers with LSCS are in the age group of 21-23 years and 13.4% are in the age group of 27-30 years. Most of the them (30%) had education upto SSLC level and only 3% was illiterate. Majority of them (83.33%) were Hindu and there were no Christian and other religion. Majority (73.33%) of them belongs to joint family and 26.67% belongs to nuclear family. Maximum (83.33%) of them were housewives and only 3.33% are farmer. Most (53.33%) of them had an income of 5000 to 10000 and non of them has income of 10000 to 15000. There were equal percentage (50% each) for both vegetarian and non vegetarian. The study revealed that 13.33% had mild Depression and 3.33% had extreme severe Depression. The study showed that 33.33% had severe Anxiety and 10% had mild anxiety. It was also found that 50% had moderate stress and 3.34% had extreme severe Stress. The obtained chi square value for the selected demographic variables in levels of depression revealed that only calculated chi square value for education is more than table value; so, only education is associated with the levels of Depression. The obtained chi square value for the selected demographic variables in levels of Anxiety revealed that only calculated chi square value for diet is more than table value; thus, only diet is associated with the levels of Anxiety. The obtained chi square value for levels of stress revealed that none of the calculated chi square value for age, education, religion, type of family, occupation, income and diet is more than table value; which means that there is no association between the selected demographic variables with the levels of Stress

ABSTRACT
When we are looking at the unbalanced distribution of resources that motivate migration, education is one the popular reasons after employment these days particularly in the rural to urban migration. Migration and education are decisions that are indeed intertwined in many dimensions. Education and skill acquisition play an important role at many stages of an individual migration. The present study is conducted in Nongpoh area at Ri Bhoi District of Meghalaya where an attempt is made to compare the status of education of the migrant’s population who came and resides in this particular area with the natives. For the study two schools are selected via… Alpha English Higher Secondary School (AEHSS) and Ri Bhoi Presbyterian Higher Secondary School (RBPHHS), as it has a high number of migrants concentrate in this institutes. The study focuses on the source, consequence and pattern of migration and its impact on the educational performance of the students, together with the level of participation of the students in academics and extra curriculum activities. The study reveals that socialization plays a pertinent role in the development of child’s personality which determines the performance of the students. The study establishes how the rural migrant students faced multiple problems in adapting with the changed academic environment at Nongpoh where they not only find it difficult to understand the lectures of the faculties and other academic expectation from them but they also could not mingle with urban students. Consequently they are reduced to secluded individuals filled with inferiority complex which act as a detrimental factor in the development of the personality and the academic performance of these students.  

ABSTRACT
The book “the power of your Subconscious mind” by Joseph Murphy. By title of book reflects on the view of Authors’ belief on subconscious mind. This is a classic book that has become a seminal text on how the subconscious mind solves our day to day problems we confront. He states that our subconscious mindswork to correspond to the nature of thoughts, what you think about you bring you about. This works for both positive as well as negative thinking patters. In this Article important issue regarding Murphy’s Subconscious mind and Alfred Schutz’s Stock of knowledge, Typification have been addressed. To conclude that neither subconscious mind is transcending over society, time and space, nor it has an innate traits it is normally outcome of society in which we live. Our subconscious mind receives direction and are conditioned by  Schutz’s stock of knowledge that we inherited from society and start to working on  what society imprints on it.