ABSTRACT
Over the last few years, increasing attention has been focused on the changes in climate variability and weather extremes, particularly tropical cyclones, unprecedented thunderstorms, heatwaves (1998, 2016), and cold waves (2018, 2019) in coastal Odisha. Heatwaves represent one of the most critical manifestations of regional climate change in India, particularly along the densely populated coastal belt of Odisha. The present study examines five-decadal (1969-2022) variations in surface air temperature and heatwave (HW) characteristics across seven coastal stations Bhubaneswar (BBS), Balasore (BLS), Chandbali (CBL), Cuttack (CTC), Paradeep (PRD), Gopalpur (GPL), and Puri (PRI) using temperature data of stations of India Meteorological Department (IMD). Using homogenised monthly temperature data from 1969 to 2022, the temperature departure index (TDI) was calculated to assess inter-annual and seasonal trends, while a 5-year moving average was applied to identify long-term variability. Heatwave days were determined based on maximum temperature anomalies, following the IMD coastal criteria. The analysis applied the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator to identify monotonic trends of surface air temperature and seasonal HW days (March-May) data. Results reveal spatial heterogeneity in temperature variability across stations, such as BLS, CTC, and GPL, which exhibited increasing variability in March and May, while PRI and CTC showed decreasing trends. Significant positive trends were detected at PRD (Z=2.49, p=0.013, Sen’s slope-0.017 days yr-1) and PRI (Z=2.06, p=0.039, slope =0.015 days yr-1) during the pre-monsoon (March-May) season, while other stations exhibited weaker or statistically insignificant trends. The 5-year moving average analysis reveals oscillatory warming episodes corresponding to strong El Niño years (1987, 1998, 2010, and 2016), which coincide with peaks in heatwave occurrences. Analysis of heatwave events reveals that heatwave activity is stronger and slightly increasing toward inland-coastal transition zones (BBS, CBL), whereas true coastal sites exhibit nearly constant or decreasing heatwave frequency. The results highlight a localised modulation of heat extremes by land-sea interactions, urbanisation, and monsoon onset timing. The findings highlight the accelerating risk of heat stress over coastal Odisha and underscore the importance of localised early-warning systems and adaptive urban planning.  

ABSTRACT
Annona muricata(soursop or graviola), is a saturatedclass extensively valued in many traditional medicinal systems. Over the past several decades, research efforts have increasingly examined its diverse bioactive compounds, highlighting significant anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and antioxidant properties. This organized review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current sign, focusing on A. muricata’s phytochemical constituents, mechanisms of action, therapeutic potential, and safety considerations.

ABSTRACT
The impacts of several abiotic conditions on the population of the tomato fruit borer Helicoverpaarmigera were examined in Sitarganj Udham Singh Nager between September 2023 and January 2024. In this exploration, we examined the intricate relationship of abiotic parameters (like temperature, moisture, and rush) on the prevalence of pest populations. Our findings revealed that the population of H. armigera larva reached its peak 4.2 mean in 45th week when the maximum and minimum temperature was 28.7oCand 13.8?, respectively, relative humidity Morning and evening 89.6% and 41.7  rainfall 0.0 mm was recorded.. The larva popullation, a non-significant positive relationship was set up between larval populations with maximum ,minimal temperature and sun hour (r= 0.6041), (r= 0.2223), and (r = 0.7174), independently. A non-significant positive relationship was set up independently amid larval populations with morning RH and Evening (r=-0.6731) and (r= -0.8226). These findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between abiotic parameters and the prevalence of the pest population, which can aid in developing effective pest management  

ABSTRACT
Nutrition of Pre-School child is of paramount importance, because the foundation for life time health, strength and intellectual vitality is laid during this period. Nearly half of all deaths in children under 5 are attributable to under nutrition. India is one among the many countries where child malnutrition is severe. A mother is the principle provider of the primary care that her child needs during the ?rst ?ve years of life. Hence knowledge of mothers has an important role in the maintenance of nutritional status of the children. This research study was conducted with an objective to evaluate impact of nutrition counselling intervention of mothers on dietary intake of their preschool children. Mothers and their preschool children aged 3-5 years belongs to pravaranagar region of  Ahmednagar  District, Maharashtra State, India were selected for the study. 300 mothers were selected as samples for the counselling intervention programme study. Out of these 300 mothers 153 mothers treated as the experimental group for intervention and the other 147 as the control group. The experimental group received nutrition education through counselling by the researcher, while the control group did not. In the present study, 24 hour dietary recall method was used to collect information related to dietary patterns of the children. Dietary intake of the preschool children in the experimental group and control group was assessed before and after the intervention programme. The significant (p<0.01) increase in the intake of the nutrients by preschool children in the experimental group is highly appreciable..

ABSTRACT
Problem: Requirement of nutritious and traditional food products along with the value addition of millets to encourage its consumption among community. Approach: Efforts have been made to develop value added traditional food product – Haalbai, from foxtail millet to enhance the nutritive value. Findings: Millets, including foxtail millet, are essential parts of the Indian diet. Chronological evidences illustrate the evolution of millet consumption since the Indus Valley Civilization to the Colonial era and to the present day in the religious, social, and ethnic practices of India.  They have played a significant role in celebrations, customs, and traditional diets—in rural tribal and urban societies. Food processing is an important operation, as it improves the bioavailability of nutrients and sensory properties and decreases antinutrients. Traditional foods have the potential to maintain health, nutrition, well-being in a simple, cost-effective way. It is imperative to explore value-added products with the increasing world population to feed its growing population by using; consuming locally food sources in low income households in developing nations. To this end Foxtail millet is a rich source of various macro and micronutrients and well established health and well-being potential. The present study was aimed at preparation and evaluation of haalbai a value-added confectionary from foxtailmillet. The nutritive value results indicate higher in Moisture (60.59), Fat (0.36), protein (2.37), Energy (157 K.Cal/100g) and minerals such as Calcium Ca (28 mg/100g), Iron Fe(2 mg/100g).  The microbial and Mold count were lower and aluminium was suited as the best packing material. The nine points hedonic scale of sensory attributes viz., appearance, colour, texture, taste and flavor, and overall acceptability rate was in the range of previous reports. Conclusion: Cumulatively we have developed a simple; cost effective value added product of Foxtail millet.The product has several health and nutritional advantages hence suitable in promoting food supplementation.

ABSTRACT
Problem: Microbial contamination of drinking water remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing countries like India, where multidrug-resistant (MDR) and biofilm-forming Escherichia coli persist despite conventional treatment methods, increasing the need for alternative, sustainable water-treatment solutions. Approach: Phages against MDR E Coli were isolated and purified through cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient centrifugation. Characterization included host inactivation of MDR E. coli, morphological examination using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), antibiofilm assay, host range assays, burst size determination, and stability testing under varied pH, temperature, ionic, and dilution conditions. Findings: Lytic bacteriophages were successfully isolated in the plaque assay. TEM revealed icosahedral heads (105nm) and contractile tails (120nm), classifying them under the Myoviridae family. Phages showed a burst size of approximately 110PFU per cell. They exhibited broad host ranges, infecting and inactivating 87% of MDR E. coli isolates while showing no infectivity towards non-E. coli strains. Optimal stability was maintained between pH 5-9 and temperature 30-450C. Calcium ions (Ca2+) enhanced phage adsorption between 1-10mM range, while chloride ions (Cl-) exhibited a modest effect up to 5mM, and plaque numbers decreased proportionally with each tenfold dilution. Biofilm assays revealed significant degradation, showing 2.0, 2.8, and 3.5-fold reductions in biomass after 24, 48, and 72hrs. Conclusion: The isolated bacteriophages demonstrate effective and environmentally stable biocontrol agents having high lytic activity, host specificity, and significant antibiofilm activity against MDR E. coli in water systems.

ABSTRACT
Majority of  pneumococcal diseases include bronchitis, rhinitis, acute sinusitis, otitis media, conjunctivitis, meningitis are caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae. The techniques like PCR, rt-PCR, qPCR are time consuming with low accuracy, they also possess the risk of showing false positive in some cases which makes Whole genome sequencing a much better alternative for the accurate analysis and its quick results. In this study, conducted the genetic relevance and clinical characteristics of S. Pneumoniae. 5 different strains of S. Pneumoniae were isolated from the Sputum and lungwash samples of RICU patients. The strain which is found to be extremely resistant is selected for the whole genome sequencing and analysis. Whole genome sequencing revealed in depth geneticcharacteristics including the coding sequences, open reading frames (ORFs), antibiotic resistance genes, pathogenicity etc.  Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes highlighted multidrug resistance. In 124 contigs found 2,225,710 bases, 2245 coding sequences, 14 rRNA, 61 tRNA, 1 tm RNA, 5955 open reading frames, 274 mobile elements and 0 plasmids. The findings also include 1 intact prophage region along with 1 viral signal.The best hit ARO (Antibiotic Resistance Ontology) were reported to be vanY gene in vanM cluster, pmrA, patB,patA,RlmA(II). In Antibiotic susceptibility assay the strain was found to be resistant to majority of the tested Antibiotics and it was found to be sensitive to Augmentin, Monobactam, Vancomycin and moderately sensitive to Cefixime. The Pathogenicity of the strain was reported to be 88.3% which is pathogenic to humans.  

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with parametric trend modeling and decomposition analysis of rice in India. The temporal data on rice covering a period of thirty years from 1994 to 2023 was utilized for the analysis. Some well-known parametric trend models were fitted to the concerned data, and their precision were measured on the basis of various model fit statistics criteria viz., coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and relative mean absolute percentage error (RMAPE). The cubic model was found to be the best fitted model for the production, area and yield of rice in India. Hence, on using the cubic model, the projections of production, area and yield of rice were made for five successive years (viz., 2024-2028). The empirical results of decomposition analysis revealed that the yield effect attributed significantly towards the output growth in rice production (i.e., 74.13%), followed by the area effect (i.e., 17.08%). However, the least contribution was due to interaction effect (i.e., 8.67%). The outcomes of this study could provide valuable insights towards informative decision making regarding policy formulation for enhancement of rice production to meet global food demand, and to achieve sustainable development goals.

ABSTRACT
Firefly larval bioluminescence represents a sensitive physiological signal that reflects cellular energy balance and oxidative status, offering promising potential for environmental monitoring. This study investigates the relationship between heavy-metal contamination and bioluminescence inhibition in aquatic habitats using a data-driven approach. Open-access data from the Kaggle Heavy Metal Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems repository were analyzed to simulate the effect of metals such as cadmium, mercury, lead, copper, and zinc on luminescence intensity. The dataset included physicochemical parameters of freshwater systems, including pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Statistical regression and machine learning models were developed to predict bioluminescence inhibition as a function of heavy-metal concentration. Model evaluation metrics (R² ≥ 0.85) confirmed a strong inverse relationship between metal exposure and simulated light output, with mercury and cadmium exhibiting the highest inhibitory effects. The study demonstrates that open environmental datasets can serve as reliable inputs for predictive ecotoxicological modeling, reducing the need for direct experimental assays. These findings highlight the feasibility of integrating computational tools with ecological knowledge to establish bioluminescent organismsparticularly firefly larvaeas early-warning bioindicators of heavy-metal pollution. The approach provides a cost-effective, ethical, and scalable alternative for water quality assessment, aligning with sustainable environmental management and real-time biomonitoring frameworks.

ABSTRACT
Extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has deteriorated agri-ecosystems and has put human and livestock health at risk. Some cyanobacteria in pesticide-laden fields have evolved strategies to survive in such environments, continuing to contribute to soil fertility and are potential candidates for pesticide remediation. The present study was undertaken to understand the mechanism of pretilachlor tolerance in Synechocystis sp., an isolate from pesticide-contaminated rice fields. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of pretilachlor for this organism was determined to be 12 mg L-1. Exposure of the organism to the herbicide under laboratory conditions induced reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation, which negatively affected chlorophyll a, photosynthesis and growth. These effects peaked at 48 h of exposure to the herbicide, after which their impact decreased, leading to resumption of growth. The organism managed herbicide-induced oxidative stress by inducing activities of superoxide dismutase (100% increase), glutathione peroxidase (189% increase), glutathione reductase (123% increase), maintaining high levels of glutathione, and by secreting exopolysaccharides. An interesting observation is that this organism is unique in having only a glutathione peroxidase/glutathione/glutathione reductase system to detoxify H2O2, as peroxidase and catalase activities did not increase on exposure to the herbicide. The organism coped with pretilachlor toxicity through two distinct, time-based mechanisms; one operating before and the other after 48 h of exposure. During the initial 48 h of exposure, herbicide tolerance is mediated by the activation of the antioxidant defense system, whereas after 48 h of exposure, reduced ROS production suggests the involvement of a different mechanism.  

ABSTRACT
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains a major staple for millions in sub-Saharan Africa; however, its nutritional value and resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses are limited in locally adapted varieties. Mutation breeding using gamma irradiation offers a pathway to broaden the genetic base and enrich grain quality traits. In this study, three Nigerian rice genotypes (FARO-44, FARO-52, and FARO-60) were irradiated with Cesium-137 gamma rays at doses ranging from 100–250 Gy and advanced to the M? generation. Proximate analysis revealed significant (P < 0.05) improvements in moisture, protein, fat, fibre, and carbohydrate content among mutants, with FARO-44-100 (outstanding) consistently outperforming checks in protein (14.34%), carbohydrate (84.99%), and energy value (413.83 kJ kg?¹). Mineral profiling showed enhanced concentrations of calcium (1.09%), phosphorus (1.13%), and potassium (0.96%) in selected mutants, with dose-dependent variability across genotypes. Principal component analysis distinguished high-performing lines such as FARO-44-100 and FARO-52-150, confirming nutritional diversification. Molecular screening with QTL-linked markers revealed irradiation-induced variability in alleles related to abiotic stress (qAG1, qDTY1.1, qPSST6), biotic resistance (Pi9, Xa21), and grain quality (Waxy, GS3, ALK). Virus resistance (RTSV1) and grain filling (GIF1) were consistently present across mutants, while salinity and blast resistance were variable. Together, these findings demonstrate that gamma irradiation can generate nutritionally enriched and genetically diverse rice mutants, offering valuable materials for climate-smart rice improvement.  

ABSTRACT
Zooplankton succession in open lakes relies upon on the availability of vitamins, temperature, light depth and transparency. Zooplankton groups typically undergo a fairly predictable annual cycle, however a few species may additionally grow exponentially forming the blooms. Accordingly, the seasonal range and dynamics of Zooplankton and their correlation with environmental factors have been investigated in Lokpal sagar Lake, from 9 Feb. 2024 to 27April 2024. Samples were taken from 4 distinct websites of the lake; each of these sampling sites had their own particular traits. Seasonal plankton samples have been amassed then zooplankton richness, pH, water temperature, precise conductivity, saturation, overall dissolved solids, salinity and dissolved oxygen had been measured. The consequences showed that there may be enormous distinction inside the imply cost of pH across the specific seasons at the primary sampling site, season II having appreciably better cost than season I and IV. During the entire length of have a look at 18 special species of zooplankton have been recognized from the observe region. Out of them 7 species belong to the Rotifera group, 6 species belong to Cladocera group, 3 species of Copepoda organization and a couple of species of Ostracoda group. Rotifera group contain the dominant of all of the organizations constituting 39% of the whole zooplankton species, accompanied with the aid of Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda. The predominant cause behind the pollutants of this perennial water frame can be the floating useless and decomposed macrophytes in it. They should be eliminated as a long way as possible at everyday intervals in order that the pollutants degree may be decreased and the water frame may be more successfully used for pisciculture practices.

ABSTRACT
Azadirachtaindica (Neem) is a medicinal plant known for its anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated five Neem-derived proteins Cytochrome P450 (full and partial forms), Squalene Epoxidase 1, Cytochrome f (chloroplast), and a Putative LOV Domain-Containing Protein for potential anticancer activity using in silico methods. Proteins were isolated and characterized through SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, followed by 3D structural modelling via SWISS-MODEL. Model validation using PROCHECK assessed Ramachandran plots, rotamer outliers, and clash scores to ensure stereochemical accuracy. Molecular docking was performed against two cancer-associated targets, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) and tubulin, using ZDOCK 3.0.2. The Putative LOV Domain-Containing Protein showed the strongest affinity for CDK, forming 43 amino acid interactions with a binding energy of −45,752.6 kJ/mol. Residues such as THR14, LYS34, GLU15, ASP14, HIS162, SER208, GLU209, PRO62, TYR7, TYR8, TYR248, ALA115, ASN245, MET324, and LEU237 contributed to extensive hydrogen bonding and electrostatic networks, suggesting effective suppression of CDK-mediated cell-cycle progression. Squalene Epoxidase 1 displayed dual-target activity, interacting with 31 CDK residues (−69,219.0 kJ/mol) and 41 tubulin residues (−53,204.0 kJ/mol). Key contacts including PRO40, HIS205, GLY206, ARG71, SER230, TYR66, GLU70, and ARG73 indicate potential disruption of kinase signalling and microtubule polymerization. Cytochrome P450 (full length) also showed high affinity toward tubulin, forming 41 interactions (−51,616.0 kJ/mol) primarily through ASN424, ILE788, GLU196, SER795, HIS704, VAL790, TYR867, and ARG868. All complexes demonstrated stability, supported by favourable energy landscapes and low RMSD values (1.2–2.0 Å). Overall, the Putative LOV Domain-Containing Protein, Squalene Epoxidase 1, and Cytochrome P450 emerged as promising candidates for modulating CDK and tubulin activity. These results highlight the potential of Neem-derived proteins as plant-based anticancer agents and provide a foundation for sustainable cancer therapeutics.

ABSTRACT
Although necessary for increased agricultural yield, pesticides present serious cytogenetic hazards to people. The impact of its extensive use on the integrity of DNA has raised concerns. In this review, the toxicokinetics, cytogenetic effects, exposure pathways, and classification of pesticides are reviewed. It is possible for pesticides to enter the body through the eyes, nose, lips, or through other routes. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are all part of their toxicokinetic processes. SCEs, MN production, chromosomal abnormalities, and DNA strand breaks are indicators of cytogenetic effects. By directly interacting with DNA, oxidative stress, and inhibiting DNA repair, pesticides can cause such effects. Exposure to pesticides has been linked to a higher risk of cancer and issues with reproductive health, as per epidemiological research. Reducing the detrimental effects of pesticides can be accomplished through the use of mitigation measures such biopesticides, landscape mitigation, and biotechnological breakthroughs.

ABSTRACT
Problem: Nigeria’s rice production system often experiences both excessive and deficient water levels within the same season. In rained lowland fields, a significant yield is lost due to water stress and the absence of adaptable varieties. Approach: T his paper examined the extent of variability caused by three gamma irradiation doses in the M1 and M2 populations of two submergence-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa) varieties (FARO 67 and FARO 68) evaluated under irrigated conditions during the 2023/2024 (M1) and 2024/2025 (M2) dry seasons. Data on morphology and yield attributes were recorded following standard protocols. Findings: Results revealed variation in radio sensitivity of FARO 67 and FARO 68. Significant differences were observed among irradiation treatments for most traits. The mutant population exhibited several promising mutants with desirable traits, and a total of 749 mutant plants were isolated from the M2 population based on earliness (5-15 days),plant height (<80cm), tailoring (>15), spikelet sterility (<10%), grain yield (>35g),flag leaf orientation (30-45o),panicle type (open panicles) and panicle exertion (well-exerted panicles). The dose of 300Gy produced the highest number of mutants. The plant height, flag leaf length, days to heading, productive tillers, panicle length and spikelet sterility exhibited a high heritability (>60%). Seedling emergence, tillers per plant and productive tillers played predominant roles in contributing to the overall divergence. Conclusion: This research provides new mutant lines that can be further evaluated in successive generations and mutants with superior agronomic traits can be used as breeding materials for achieving rice breeding objectives, particularly, in drought-prone environments.  

ABSTRACT
Firefly larval bioluminescence represents a sensitive physiological signal that reflects cellular energy balance and oxidative status, offering promising potential for environmental monitoring. This study investigates the relationship between heavy-metal contamination and bioluminescence inhibition in aquatic habitats using a data-driven approach. Open-access data from the Kaggle Heavy Metal Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystems repository were analyzed to simulate the effect of metals such as cadmium, mercury, lead, copper, and zinc on luminescence intensity. The dataset included physicochemical parameters of freshwater systems, including pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. Statistical regression and machine learning models were developed to predict bioluminescence inhibition as a function of heavy-metal concentration. Model evaluation metrics (R² ≥ 0.85) confirmed a strong inverse relationship between metal exposure and simulated light output, with mercury and cadmium exhibiting the highest inhibitory effects. The study demonstrates that open environmental datasets can serve as reliable inputs for predictive ecotoxicological modeling, reducing the need for direct experimental assays. These findings highlight the feasibility of integrating computational tools with ecological knowledge to establish bioluminescent organismsparticularly firefly larvaeas early-warning bioindicators of heavy-metal pollution. The approach provides a cost-effective, ethical, and scalable alternative for water quality assessment, aligning with sustainable environmental management and real-time biomonitoring frameworks.  

ABSTRACT
Background: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a common reproductive tract infection with significant consequences for women’s health. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear, while mainly used for cervical cancer screening, can also yield information on genital tract inflammation. Objective: To examine Pap smear cytological findings among women with uncomplicated PID and to determine variations across age groups and socio-economic classes.Methods: A prospective observational study was performed on 30 clinically diagnosed uncomplicated PID patients. Data on age and socio-economic background were collected. Pap smears were taken and analyzed according to the Bethesda System. Results: All 30 women (100%) showed Pap smears reported as Negative for Intraepithelial Lesion or Malignancy (NILM). No epithelial abnormality, dysplastic changes, or malignancy were identified. Neither age nor socio-economic status influenced results. Conclusion: Pap smears remain normal in many cases of uncomplicated PID, reflecting their limited diagnostic use for this condition. However, they continue to be vital in cervical cancer prevention. Clinical and microbiological approaches remain indispensable for PID diagnosis.

ABSTRACT
Lambda-Cyhalothrin (LCT), a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, frequently accumulates in aquatic environments and poses substantial risks to non-target organisms, including freshwater fish. The present work examines the toxic effects of LCT on the liver and intestine of Anabas testudineus using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Ultra structural evaluation revealed pronounced cellular alterations in exposed fish, indicating impaired metabolic, detoxification, and absorptive capacities. These observations highlight the vulnerability of A. testudineus to pesticide contamination and emphasize the necessity of regulating agrochemical inputs into aquatic systems.